Principles of Anatomy & Physiology

Discussions on The Human Body

Human Development Question?

1.Which of the following develop from the mesoderm?

•epidermis
•nervous system
•None of these.
•skeletal muscle, circulatory, excretory & reproductive systems
•All of these.

2. Substances in breast milk enhance both nonspecific resistance and immunity in the baby.

True
False

3. Even though most organisms cannot cross the placenta, several drugs and viruses can cross that may cause birth defects, especially in the embryonic stages.

True
False

A question for personal trainers?

I was hoping there are some personal trainers who could offer me a bit of advice?

In a couple of months I’m going to start a home study program to prepare for my personal trainer certification. I’m doing it so I can work part-time as a personal trainer to help me pay for school
(I haven’t decided who I’ll do it through. NCSF? ACE? Any suggestions?).

I’m waiting a couple of months to make sure I’m not only physically ready, but also that I have enough knowledge that the study program and exam should be a breeze.

What I want to know is, what types of things should I be studying on my own time to prepare? Nutrition? Skeletal/muscle systems? Types of exercises with no weights, free weights, ball, resistance band, machines etc..
I’m not sure what else would be good things to learn. Any advice would be wonderful!

can you please help me on Anatomy?

please answer these questions if you can. :) thank you

1. the dimension outside the observed range for human cell is:
A. 10 micrometers
B. 30 centimeters long
C. 2 nanometers
D. 1 meter long

2. a cells plasma membrane would not contain:
A. phospholipid
B. nucleic acid
C. protein
D cholesterol
E. glycolipid

3. Which of the following would you expect to find in or on cells whose main function is absorption?

A. microvilli
B. cilia
C. Desmosomes
D. Gap junctions
E. Secretory vesicles

4. adult cell types expected to have gap junctions include
A. skeletal muscle
B. bone
C. heart muscle
D. smooth muscle

5. for diffusion to occur, there must be
A. a selective permeable membrane
B. equal amounts of solute
C. a concentration difference
D. some sort of carrier system
E. all of these

Thank you so much.. :)

Frog Anatomy?

I refused to dissect a frog, so I’ve been given the worksheets to find the answers on the internet.
Sadly, I’m having a hard time finding the answers. So if someone could give me a website that has information on frog anatomy, that would be great, or help answer some questions.

1.Why dissect the nerves last?
2. Describe the frog’s respiratory system
3. Location and structure of the heart?
4. Location and function of frog’s skeletal muscles.

Anything will help. Thanks a bunch.

Does bird;s knee running rule out reptile to bird evolution since the fixed hip is necessary for birds?

see the research cited in

http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/2009/06/13/news-to-note-06132009

Quick and Ruben’s breakthrough was in recognizing that this “knee running” anatomy, where the upper leg bones are fixed, is crucial in keeping birds’ lungs from collapsing. Thus, if birds walked like us, they would not be able to support the sophisticated pulmonary system that helps enable flight.

“This is fundamental to bird physiology,” Quick explained. “It’s really strange that no one realized this before. The position of the thigh bone and muscles in birds is critical to their lung function, which in turn is what gives them enough lung capacity for flight.”

In the next phase of research, the scientists examined whether theropod dinosaurs’ skeletons would have allowed a similar pulmonary system. But the evidence shows that skeletal differences—including a mobile femur—meant dinosaurs couldn’t have given rise to birds. “Theropod dinosaurs had a moving femur and therefore could not have had a lung that worked like that in birds. Their abdominal air sac, if they had one, would have collapsed. That undercuts a critical piece of supporting evidence for the dinosaur-bird link,” Ruben said.

Intriguingly, Ruben commented on the widely held dinosaur-to-bird-evolution model: “Frankly, there’s a lot of museum politics involved in this, a lot of careers committed to a particular point of view even if new scientific evidence raises questions.” A startling reminder—especially since it comes from an evolutionist—of how presuppositions play a role in determining science

Is the knee running of birds which is needed for breathing consistent with therapod to bird evolution?

see the research cited in

http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles…

Quick and Ruben’s breakthrough was in recognizing that this “knee running” anatomy, where the upper leg bones are fixed, is crucial in keeping birds’ lungs from collapsing. Thus, if birds walked like us, they would not be able to support the sophisticated pulmonary system that helps enable flight.

“This is fundamental to bird physiology,” Quick explained. “It’s really strange that no one realized this before. The position of the thigh bone and muscles in birds is critical to their lung function, which in turn is what gives them enough lung capacity for flight.”

In the next phase of research, the scientists examined whether theropod dinosaurs’ skeletons would have allowed a similar pulmonary system. But the evidence shows that skeletal differences—including a mobile femur—meant dinosaurs couldn’t have given rise to birds. “Theropod dinosaurs had a moving femur and therefore could not have had a lung that worked like that in birds. Their abdominal air sac, if they had one, would have collapsed. That undercuts a critical piece of supporting evidence for the dinosaur-bird link,” Ruben said.

Intriguingly, Ruben commented on the widely held dinosaur-to-bird-evolution model: “Frankly, there’s a lot of museum politics involved in this, a lot of careers committed to a particular point of view even if new scientific evidence raises questions.” A startling reminder—especially since it comes from an evolutionist—of how presuppositions play a role in determining science

question about science?

Hey.
I have some questions about my science homework. Here they are:
What is the maintenance of a stable internal enviroment?

What are 2 or more tissues working together?

What is the soft, flexible tissue that changes to bone?

What tissue covers and protects other tissue?

What is a group of cells working together?

What tissue contracts and relaxes to produce movement?

What tissue send electrical signals throughout the body?

What tissue joins, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes and cushions organs?

What muscle contracts to move bones?

What kind of bone has many open spaces and contains marrow?

What tissue attaches skeletal muscle to bones?

What kind of bone does not have open spaces?

What system is made up of muscles and connective tissue that attaches them to bones?

What bones protect your spinal cord?

What kind of joint allows you to flex and extend your lower leg?

If you can provide answers to any of these questions that would be amazing! Thanks!

Multiple choice question i need help on?

27. The unusual circulatory pattern involving the liver and digestive organs is referred to as the a.pulmonary circuit, b.glycogenic blood barrier, c.hepatic portal system, d.lymphatic circuit

Use the following answers for questions 28-30:
a.left ventricle, b.right ventricle, c.left atrium, d.right atrium.

28. Venous blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit enters this chamber.

29. The highest concentrations of oxygen would be found here.

30. Blood being pumped to all the tissues of the body, except the lungs, would leave from this chamber.

31. The cortex regions of the cerebrum represent a.mapped areas correlated with function, b.areas of sensory function only, c.areas of motor function only, d.areas controlling homeostasis.

32. Right shifted oxygen dissociation curves involve more oxygen released to a tissue. All the following cause right shifts except: a.increase in temperature of a tissue, b.accumulation of lactic acid in a skeletal muscle, c.fetal version of hemoglobin in the placenta, d.temperatures near the freezing point of water.

33. Blood coming back to the heart in the veins of the legs is assisted by a.skeletal muscle compression, b.one way valves, c.slight increase in pressure on venous side, d.all of the above.

34. The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system comes into play during all the following except: a.sudden drop in oxygen available to a skeletal muscle because of physical activity, b.when one is suddenly startled, c.when you’re enjoying a good meal at a restaurant with friends, d.when you’re in a situation that makes you very nervous such as speaking in front of a group.

35. Which of these functions is the hypothalamus not involved in? a.thirst , b.water conservation, c.breathing, d. sex.

36. In addition to the obvious involvement of the visual cortex, to make a correct perception of a visual image what else is involved? a.memory, b.hypothalamus, c.cerebellum, d.amygdala.

37. If you had an itch on your left forearm, where would that be perceived? a.left primary sensory cortex, b. right primary sensory cortex, c.pons, d.right primary motor cortex.

Powered by Yahoo! Answers